Jitu Das Blog | Assamese Culture, Philosophy & Life Reflections

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Jitu Das

“Find the right frequency that resonates with your soul.”

Assamese writer. Observer of life. Capturing thoughts, stories, and reflections with a touch of soul.

Philosophy Unveiled: A Beginner's Guide






The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language is known as philosophy. It is a broad and intricate field that has captivated the greatest intellects in history.

Although it may appear daunting to beginners, philosophy doesn't have to be intimidating. This blog post aims to provide a simplified introduction to the key concepts in philosophy and offer suggestions to help you embark on your own philosophical journey.

What is Philosophy?

Philosophy takes its roots from the Greek words "philo" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom). Hence, philosophy essentially translates to "love of wisdom."

Philosophy is not about rote memorization or acquiring knowledge of specific historical figures. Instead, it involves acquiring critical and creative thinking skills, asking questions, and exploring various perspectives.

The Branches of Philosophy

While philosophy encompasses various branches, some of the most significant ones include:

Metaphysics: The study of the fundamental nature of reality. It poses questions about the existence of God, the essence of the soul, and the mind-body relationship.
Epistemology: The study of knowledge itself. It raises inquiries about how we acquire knowledge and what establishes its reliability.
Ethics: The study of morality. It investigates topics of right and wrong, good and evil, and the nature of moral responsibility.
Aesthetics: The study of beauty and art. It explores questions regarding the nature of beauty, the role of art in society, and the connection between art and emotions.

How to Get Started with Philosophy

There are numerous approaches to initiate your journey into philosophy. Here are a few suggestions:

Read introductory texts: Many excellent introductory texts on philosophy are available. Recommended options include "The History of Western Philosophy" by Bertrand Russell, "Plato's Republic" by Plato, and "The Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius.
Enroll in a philosophy class: If you wish to delve deeper into philosophy, consider enrolling in a philosophy class at a local college or university. This provides an opportunity to explore different branches of philosophy and engage in philosophical discussions with fellow learners.
Join a philosophy discussion group: Online and in-person philosophy discussion groups are abundant. These communities offer a supportive environment to meet like-minded individuals interested in philosophy and engage in thought-provoking discussions.
Attend philosophy lectures and workshops: Universities, libraries, and other organizations often host philosophy lectures and workshops. Attending such events will help you stay informed about current philosophical trends and connect with fellow philosophy enthusiasts.



Philosophy is an enthralling and fulfilling field of study. It nurtures critical thinking skills, deepens self-awareness of personal values, and encourages us to perceive the world from new and diverse perspectives.

If you are intrigued by philosophy and wish to learn more, I urge you to explore the resources recommended in this blog post. Philosophy may present challenges, but it is a rewarding journey that I hope you will find enriching, just as I have.

Through the exploration of philosophy, we can develop a greater understanding of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. This field has captivated some of the greatest minds throughout history, and its breadth and complexity offer endless avenues for intellectual inquiry.

While philosophy may seem intimidating at first, particularly for beginners, it doesn't have to be. This blog post strives to provide a simplified introduction to the key concepts in philosophy, equipping you with the necessary tools to embark on your own philosophical journey.

What Does Philosophy Entail?

The word "philosophy" originates from the Greek words "philo" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom), and its literal translation is "love of wisdom."

Philosophy is not concerned with rote memorization of facts or the study of specific historical figures. Instead, it fosters critical and creative thinking skills. It encourages the art of questioning and the exploration of diverse perspectives.

Branches of Philosophy

While philosophy encompasses numerous branches, some of the most significant ones include:

Metaphysics: This branch delves into the fundamental nature of reality and raises inquiries about the existence of God, the nature of the soul, and the intricate relationship between the mind and body.
Epistemology: The study of knowledge itself, epistemology examines how we acquire knowledge and what lends it credibility and reliability.
Ethics: Investigating morality, ethics tackles questions concerning right and wrong, good and evil, and the very essence of moral responsibility.
Aesthetics: Focused on the realm of beauty and art, aesthetics probes into the nature of beauty, the role of art in society, and the profound connection between art and human emotions.

Initiating Your Philosophical Journey

There are several approaches you can take to commence your exploration of philosophy. Consider the following suggestions:

Immerse yourself in introductory texts: There exists a plethora of excellent introductory texts on philosophy. Highly recommended readings include "The History of Western Philosophy" by Bertrand Russell, "Plato's Republic" by Plato, and "The Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius.
Enroll in a philosophy class: If you desire a more formal education in philosophy, consider enrolling in a philosophy class at a local college or university. This will provide an opportunity to delve deeper into the various branches of philosophy and engage in stimulating discussions with peers.
Join a philosophy discussion group: In-person and online philosophy discussion groups offer a supportive environment for meeting like-minded individuals who share an interest in philosophy. These settings provide exceptional opportunities to engage in thought-provoking discussions and expand your understanding.
Attend philosophy lectures and workshops: Universities, libraries, and other organizations regularly hold philosophy lectures and workshops. Attending these events will not only keep you informed about current trends in philosophy but also afford you the chance to connect with fellow enthusiasts.

Final Reflections

Philosophy is an incredibly captivating and enriching field of study. It fosters critical thinking skills, enhances self-awareness of personal values, and allows us to perceive the world through fresh and unique lenses.

If your interest in philosophy has been piqued, I encourage you to explore the resources mentioned in this blog post. Although the journey may present challenges, the rewards are immeasurable. May you find as much fulfillment in the study of philosophy as I have.

Conquering Fear: A Guide to Overcoming Your Fears and Embracing a Bold Life

Conquering Fear: A Guide to Overcoming Fears and Embracing a Bold Life










Fear is a natural and common emotion experienced by all people at some point in their lives. Whether it's the fear of failure, rejection, or the unknown, it can hinder us from pursuing our dreams and living a fulfilling life. However, it is possible and necessary to conquer fear for personal growth and success.

In this blog post, we will explore effective strategies to overcome fear and embrace a bolder, more courageous life.

1. Identify and Understand Your Fear:
To conquer fear, first identify and understand what you are specifically afraid of. Reflect and pinpoint the fears that hold you back. By acknowledging and understanding your fears, you can address them directly.

2. Challenge Your Beliefs:
Often, fears stem from limiting beliefs we hold about ourselves or the world. Challenge these beliefs and question their validity. Assess if there is evidence to support your fears or if they are self-imposed limitations. Surround yourself with positive affirmations and empowering beliefs that counteract fear.

3. Take Small Steps:
Facing fears all at once can be overwhelming and counterproductive. Instead, break down fear into smaller, manageable steps. Gradually approach your fear, pushing your comfort zone a little further each time. Celebrate small victories, as they build confidence and momentum.

4. Seek Support:
Remember, you don't have to face fear alone. Reach out to supportive friends, family, or mentors who can provide guidance and encouragement. Join support groups or consider professional help like therapy or coaching in navigating your fears.

5. Embrace Failure as a Learning Opportunity:
Fear often arises from the fear of failure. Reframe failure as a valuable learning opportunity. Understand that mistakes are part of the growth process and stepping stones toward success. Embrace failure as a chance to learn, adapt, and improve instead of giving up or retreating.

6. Visualize Success:
Visualization is a powerful technique to overcome fear. Picture yourself successfully facing and conquering your fears. Imagine the positive outcomes, emotions, and rewards that await you beyond fear. Consistently visualizing success builds confidence and belief in your ability to overcome fears.

7. Practice Self-Care:
Taking care of your physical and mental well-being is crucial when dealing with fear. Engage in activities that promote relaxation, such as exercise, meditation, or journaling. Prioritize self-care in your daily routine. When you feel refreshed and energized, you'll be better prepared to confront fears with a clear mind.

8. Embrace a Growth Mindset:
Developing a growth mindset is vital in conquering fear. Embrace the belief that your abilities can be developed and improved through dedication and hard work. See challenges as opportunities for growth and learning, rather than roadblocks. Cultivate resilience to bounce back from setbacks and approach fear with a positive and open mindset.

9. Take Action Despite Fear:
Taking action despite fear is one of the most effective ways to overcome it. Often, fears are unfounded or exaggerated, and facing them directly dispels them. Push yourself out of your comfort zone and confront situations or activities that trigger fear. Action builds confidence and diminishes fear.

10. Celebrate Your Progress:
Throughout your journey to conquer fear, remember to celebrate your progress. Recognize and acknowledge the courage it takes to confront fears and grow. Celebrating achievements, however small, motivates you to keep moving forward and associates overcoming fear with positivity.

11. Reflect and Learn:
After challenging a fear or overcoming a significant hurdle, reflect on the experience. What did you learn about yourself? Which strategies were most effective in conquering fear? Reflecting on progress and learning from experiences provides valuable insights to refine your approach and continue the journey towards fearlessness.

12. Inspire and Support Others:
As you overcome your fears, remember that your journey can inspire and support others facing similar challenges. Share your story, insights, and strategies with those around you, offering guidance and encouragement. Uplifting others contributes to their growth and reinforces your own confidence and strength.

Conquering fear is a transformative process that empowers you to live a fulfilling and authentic life. By embracing a growth mindset, taking action despite fear, celebrating progress, and inspiring others, you can break free from fear's limitations. Remember, the path to conquering fear may not always be easy, but the rewards are immeasurable. Embrace the challenge, persist in your efforts, and witness fear losing its grip, opening a world of possibilities."""

āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϏূāϤ্ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ Chapter: 5 -Class 12 Biology in Assamese

āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϏূāϤ্ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ
Chapter: 5

āϚāĻŽু āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύোāϤ্āϤ⧰
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§§। āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϞিāĻ–া ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āĻāĻ• – āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻ•্ā§°āĻ› :- āĻāύে āĻĒ্ā§°āϜাāϤিā§° āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻāϝোā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤāϧ⧰্āĻŽ āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϧাā§°া āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻুāϟা āϜীā§ąā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϕ⧰া āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা । āĻāύে āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় 3 : 1 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒোā§ąা āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় ।
āĻĻ্āĻŦি – āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻ•্ā§°āĻ› : āĻāĻ•ে āĻĒ্ā§°āϜাāϤিā§° āĻĻুāϝোā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āϧ⧰্āĻŽী āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤি āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻুāϟা āϜীā§ąā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°া āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা । āĻāύে āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় āϝে āϚাā§°িāϟা āĻĒুāύ⧰āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āĻšৈ 9 : 3 : 3 :1 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϤ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় ।
(āĻ–) āϏংāϕ⧰ :- āĻĻুāϟা āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āϚাā§°িāϤ্ā§°িāĻ• āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻĨāĻ•া āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āϘāϟাāχ āĻĒোā§ąা āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜীā§ąāĻ• āϏংāϕ⧰ āϜীā§ą āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āϝি āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏংāϕ⧰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰া āϤাāĻ• āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āĻŦা āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় ।
(āĻ—) āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী :- āĻĻুāϟা āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ⧰ āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āϘāϟাāϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āĻŦংāĻļāϤ āĻĻুāϟা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻšাāĻšে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āφ⧰ু āφāύāϟো āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে । āϝিāϟো āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āϤাāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āϝিāϟো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āύাāĻĒাāϝ় āϤাāĻ• āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় । āĻ“āĻ– āφ⧰ু āϚাāĻĒā§° āĻāĻ•ে āĻĒ্ā§°āϜাāϤিā§° āĻĻুāϜোāĻĒা āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āϘāϟাāϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āĻŦংāĻļā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻ“āĻ– āĻš’āĻŦ ; āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻ“āĻ– āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āϚাāĻĒā§° āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী ।
(āϘ) āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻŦা āϏāĻŽāϝুāĻ—্āĻŽāϜাāϤāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāώāĻŽ āϝুāϤāĻ• āĻŦা āĻ…āϏāĻŽ āϝুāĻ—্āĻŽāϜাāϤāĻ• :- āĻĻুāϟা āϏāĻŽāĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻĨāĻ•া āϜীā§ąā§° āϏংāĻ—āĻŽā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšোā§ąা āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜীā§ąāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় , āφāĻ•ৌ āĻĻুāϟা āĻ…āϏāĻŽ āĻ—ুāĻŖā§° āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻŽিāϞāύāϤ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜীā§ąāĻ• āĻŦিāώāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় । āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻĻুāϟা āĻ“āĻ– āĻ—āϛ⧰ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽāϤ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āϜাāϤāϕ⧰ āϜিāύāϤ āĻĻুāϟা āĻāϞিāϞ (T āφ⧰ু T) āĻāĻ•ে āĻš’āĻŦ । āφāύāĻĢাāϞে āĻ“āĻ– āφ⧰ু āϚাāĻĒā§° āĻ—āϛ⧰ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āϜাāϤāϕ⧰ āϜিāύ⧰ āĻāϞিāϞ āĻĻুāϟা āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— (T āφ⧰ু t ) āĻš’āĻŦ । T T , t t , R R , rr āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻāϞিāϞ āĻĨাāĻ•িāϞে āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āφ⧰ু āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻāϞিāϞ āĻĨাāĻ•িāϞে āĻŦিāώāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় ‌। 
(āĻ™) āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§°ূāĻĒ āφ⧰ু āϜিāύীāϝ় ā§°ূāĻĒ :- āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻš‍্āϝিāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļāĻ• āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§°ূāĻĒ āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় । āϝেāύে , āĻāϜোāĻĒা āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ“āĻ– āφ⧰ু āĻāϜোāĻĒা āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āϚাāĻĒā§° āĻ—āϛ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϝি āϏংāϕ⧰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻš’āĻŦ āϤাā§° āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ⧰ূāĻĒ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻ“āĻ– । āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাā§° āϜিāύীāϝ় ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻš’āĻŦ T t । āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ•াā§°āĻ•ে (T) āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āĻ• (t) āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύাāχ āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āύāώ্āϟ āĻšৈ āϝোā§ąা āύাāχ । āϏেāχ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ⧰ূāĻĒ āφ⧰ু āϜিāύীāϝ় ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻāĻ•ে āĻ—āϛ⧰ āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । 
(āϚ) āĻĒুংāĻŦিāώāĻŽāϜāύāύāĻ•োāώী āϏ্āϤ্ā§°ীāĻŦিāώāĻŽāϜāύāύāĻ•োāώী :- āϝিāĻŦিāϞাāĻ• āĻĒুং āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ x – āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ⧰ y – āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϏেāχāĻŦিāϞাāĻ•āĻ• āĻĒুংāĻŦিāώāĻŽāϜāύāύāĻ•োāώী āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় ।āϝিāĻŦিāϞাāĻ• āϏ্āϤ্ā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ āĻĻুāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āϏেāχāϏ্āϤ্ā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীāĻŦিāϞাāĻ•āĻ• āϏ্āϤ্ā§°ীāĻŦিāώāĻŽāϜāύāύāĻ•োāώী āĻŦোāϞে।
(āĻ›) āϞিāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āφ⧰ু āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ : āϝিāĻŦিāϞাāĻ• x – āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϝেāύে- āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϞিāĻ™্āĻ— āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āϤাāĻ• āϞিāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āĻŦোāϞে । āĻŦাāĻ•ী āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āĻŦোāϞে । 



āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ⧍। āϏāĻšāϞāĻ—্āύāϤা āĻ•াāĻ• āĻŦোāϞে ? 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϜিāύāĻŦিāϞাāĻ• āĻāϟাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āφāύāϟো āϞাāĻ—ি āĻĨাāĻ•ে āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ āϏৃāώ্āϟিā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽā§° āϏāĻ•āϞো āϜিāύ āĻāϟা āϜāύুā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ…āύ‍্āϝ āϜāύুāϞৈ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—āϞাāĻ—ি āϝাāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে । āĻāύে āĻĒā§°িāϘāϟāύাāĻ• āϏংāϞāĻ—্āύāϤা āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় ।


āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Š। āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞে āϤেāĻ–েāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻšā§° āĻ—āĻ› āĻŦাāĻ›ি āϞৈāĻ›িāϞāύে ? 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻš āĻāĻ•āĻŦā§°্āώāϜীā§ąী āφ⧰ু āϏāĻšāϜāϤে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŽাāϟিāϤ āĻŦা āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻĒাāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻ–েāϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি ।
(āĻ–) āϜীā§ąāύāĻ•াāϞ āϚুāϟি āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•āĻŽ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ় ।
(āĻ—) āĻĢুāϞāĻŦিāϞাāĻ• āωāĻ­āϝ়āϞিāĻ™্āĻ— āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏ্āĻŦ – āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āύāϤ āĻŦাāϧা āύāĻšāϝ় ।
(āϘ) āĻĢুāϞ⧰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϏ⧰āϞ āφ⧰ু āφāĻ•াā§°āϤ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•ৃāϤ্ā§°িāĻŽāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āϝোāĻ— āϘāϟাāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϝ় ।
(āĻ™) āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻšāϤ āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ় ।
(āϚ) āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŦিāϞাāĻ• āω⧰্āĻŦā§° āĻšāϝ় āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāχ āĻŦিāϞাāϕ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āϕ⧰াāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϝ় । 



āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Ē। āϏāĻš – āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąীāϤাā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻিāϝ়া ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻŦāĻ—া āĻ—ā§°ু āφ⧰ু ā§°āĻ™āϚুā§ąা āĻ—ā§°ুā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে āĻĒোā§ąাāϞিā§° āύোāĻŽā§° ā§°ং āĻŦāĻ—াāĻ“ āύāĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু ā§°āĻ™āϚুā§ąাā§° āύāĻšāϝ় । āωāĻ­āϝ় āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύোāĻŽ āĻŽুāĻ—া āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāĻŦ । āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻŦāĻ—া āφ⧰ু ā§°āĻ™āϚুā§ąা āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āϏāĻš – āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী । 



āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Ģ। āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻ•ি ? 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤি āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āϜিāύ⧰ āĻŦা DNA ā§° āĻšāĻ াāϤে āĻšোā§ąা āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ । āϝাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§°ূāĻĒ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻŦ‌ংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻŦোā§°ā§° āύāϤুāύ āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āϘāϟে । āϝāĻĻি āĻāύে āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী āĻšāϝ় āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦংāĻļাāύুāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽে āĻāύে āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻāϟা āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ…āύ‍্āϝ āĻĒুā§°ুāώāϞৈ āϝাāϝ় । āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻĻুāχ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° ― āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽীāϝ় āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ । āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽীāϝ় āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽā§° āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āϜিāύ⧰ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤি āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻšāϝ় । 




āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Ŧ। āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—ুāĻŖāϤা āĻ•ি ? 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϝāĻĻি āĻ•োāώ āĻŦিāĻ­াāϜāύ⧰ āϟেāϞ’āĻĢেāϜ āĻĻāĻļাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻ•োāώāĻĒ্ā§°ā§°āϏ āĻŦিāĻ­াāϜāύ āύāĻšāϝ় āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•োāώāϤ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻšāϝ় । āχāϝ়াāĻ•েāχ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—ুāĻŖāϤা āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় । āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāύে āĻĒā§°িāϘāϟāύা āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় । āĻ•োāώāĻĒ্ā§°ā§°āϏ āĻŦিāĻ­াāϜāύ āύāĻš’āϞে āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•োāώāϤ āĻĻুāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĨাāĻ•ে (2n) । āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে āĻāύে āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে āĻāύে āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āĻĨāĻ•া āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ āϞāĻ— āϞাāĻ—ে , āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āϤিāύিāĻ—ুāĻŖ (3n) āĻšāϝ় āĻ—ৈ । āĻāύেāĻ•ৈ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ āĻ•োāώāϤ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜ’āĻŽ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা 4n , 5n , 6n , 8n āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । āφāĻŽি āĻ–েāϤি āϕ⧰া āĻ…āύেāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻā§° āĻāύে āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—ুāĻŖāϤা āĻĨাāĻ•ে । āϝেāύে , āϘেঁāĻšুā§° āϤিāύিāϟা (2n = 14 , 4n = 28, 6n = 42) āĻ•āĻĒাāĻšā§° (2n = 26 , 4n = 52) । āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—ুāĻŖāϤা āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻā§° āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφāĻ›ে । 





āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§­। āĻ•ি āϚāϤ্āϤ⧰্āϤ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻĒাāϞিāϤ āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻ•িāϝ় ?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি , āĻĻুāϝোā§° āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āϧ⧰্āĻŽী āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏ‌ংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে F₁ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύāύāϕ⧰ āϞāĻ•্āώ‍্āϝāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻĨাāĻ•ি āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ āϏৃāώ্āϟিā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āχāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§°ে āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻšৈ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াā§ąে āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦ্āϝ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ে āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώāϞৈ āϏāĻž্āϚাā§°িāϤ āĻšāϝ় ।
āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ⧰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻš’āϞ ― āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāϟা āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāϝোā§° āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āϏংāϝোāϜিāϤ āĻšāϝ় , āĻāϝোā§° āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•ীāϕ⧰āĻŖ āφāύāϝোā§° āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻ­ā§°āĻļীāϞ āύāĻšāϝ় , āύাāχāĻŦা āχ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻšāϝ় ।






āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Ž। āĻĒুā§°ুāώে āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻĢিāϞিāϝ়াā§° āϜিāύ āϞ’ā§°া āϏāύ্āϤাāύāĻ• āύিāĻĻিāϝ়ে । āĻ•িāϝ় ? 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ x – āĻ•্ā§°’āĻŽāϜāĻŽā§° ‘H’ āϜিāύ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āĻ•িāύ্āϤু ‘h’ āϜিāύ āĻĒā§°াāĻšāϤ । ‘h’ āϜিāύেāχ āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻĢিāϞিāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়ী । āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āϝৌāύ āĻ•্ā§°’āĻŽāϜāĻŽ xy āϏ্āϤ্ā§°ীā§° xx । āĻĒুā§°ুāώ āφ⧰ু āϏ্āϤ্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āĻŽā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻšāϝ় āĻ•āύ‍্āϝা āϏāύ্āϤাāύ (xx) āύāĻšāϝ় āĻĒুāϤ্ā§° āϏāύ্āϤাāύ (xy) āĻšāϝ় । h āϜিāύ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় – āĻ•্ā§°’āĻŽāϜāĻŽā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে । āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āĻĒā§°া x āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϝোāĻ—েāĻĻি ‘h’ āϜিāύ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻ•āύ্āϝা āϏāύ্āϤাāύে āĻĒাāϝ় āϝিāĻšেāϤু āĻĒুāϤ্ā§° āϏāύ্āϤাāύে y āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ āĻĒাāϝ় ; āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে āĻĒিāϤৃā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒুāϤ্ā§° āϏāύ্āϤাāύāĻ• ‘h’ āϜিāύ āĻĻিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে । āĻāχ ā§°োāĻ— āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āϞিংāĻ— āϏāĻšāϞāĻ—্āύ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ ।






āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ⧝। āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ āĻŦংāĻļāϘāϤি āϏূāϤ্ā§°ā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻিāϝ়া ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āϏাāĻŽ‍্āϝāĻž্āϜāϏ‍্āϝ āĻāύে āĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•āϟ āϝে āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞীāϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤāϤে āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ । āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ›াāϟāύে āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤি āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻĻাāĻ™ি āϧ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । āĻāχ āϏূāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŽূāϞ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻš’āϞ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāĻ• āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦুāϞি āϧ⧰িāϞে āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞীāϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻĒিāϤৃāϜāύুā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝāϜāύুāϞৈ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āϝাāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°āĻ• āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻŦোā§° āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϤ āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ় āϤাāĻ• āĻŦ‍্āϝাāĻ–‍্āϝা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϝ় । āĻāύেāĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦ‍্āϝাāĻ–‍্āϝা āϕ⧰িāϞে āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞীāϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āύাāĻĨাāĻ•ে , āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāĻ• āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻŦুāϞি āύāϧ⧰ি āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦোāϞা āωāϚিāϤ ; āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ , āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāϤ āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāϟাāĻ“ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•ে । 






āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§§ā§Ļ। āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤি āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ? 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϏূāϤ্ā§° :- āĻĻুāϟা āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϝুāĻ•্āϤ ( āϝেāύে – āĻ“āĻ– – āϚাāĻĒā§° ) āĻĻুāϟা āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে F₁ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĒিāϤৃāϜāύুā§° (P₁) āĻĻুāϟা āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻāϟাāĻšে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় । āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒোā§ąা āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϟোāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āύোāĻĒোā§ąা āĻŦা āϏুāĻĒ্āϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϟোāĻ• āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻŦা āĻĒā§°াāĻšāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻŦোāϞে । 
(āĻ–) āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰āĻŖ āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻŦা āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•ীāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻŦা āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ⧰ āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āϏূāϤ্ā§° :- āĻ•োāύো āϜীā§ąā§° āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° F₁ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ•াā§°āĻ•ে āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϟো F₁ āϜāύুā§° āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ⧰ āĻĻেāĻš āĻ•োāώāϤ āĻ…āύ‍্āϝ āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°āĻŖ āύোāĻšোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ āφāϜীā§ąāύ āĻĨাāĻ•ি āϝাāϝ় āφ⧰ু F₁ āϜāύুā§° āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ āϏৃāώ্āϟিā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āύোāĻšোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ āĻāϟাāχ āφāύāϟোā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻšৈ āĻ“āϞাāχ āφāĻšে । āĻāχ āϏূāϤ্ā§°āĻ• āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ⧰ āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āϜāύা āϝাāϝ় ।
(āĻ—) āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āϏূāϤ্ā§° :- āĻāχ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি , āĻĻুāϝোā§° āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤāϧ⧰্āĻŽী āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ‍্āϝ āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে F₁ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύāϕ⧰ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώ āϏৃāώ্āϟিā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āχāĻšঁāϤে āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§°ে āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻšৈ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াā§ąে āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ą‍্āϝ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ে āϜāύāύāĻ•োāώāϞৈ āϏāĻž্āϚাā§°িāϤ āĻšāϝ় । āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύāϕ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϝোā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰িāϤ āĻšāϝ় , āĻāϝোā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ•ে āĻ…āύ‍্āϝāϝোā§° āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āύāϕ⧰ে । 






āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§§ā§§। āĻĢিāϞিāϝ়েāϞ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āĻ•ি ? 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻĒিāϤৃāϜāύুā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āĻĢিāϞিāϝ়েāϞ āϜāύু āĻŦা āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύু āĻŦোāϞে । āĻāύে āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύুāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύু āĻŦা F₁ āϜāύু , āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āϜāύুāĻ• āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύু āĻŦা F₁ āϜāύু āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦোāϞে ।  







āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ⧧⧍। āϚāĻŽুāϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–া :-



(āĻ•) āĻ•াঁāϚি – āĻ•োāώ ā§°āĻ•্āϤāĻšীāύāϤা । 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āϤেāϜ⧰ āϞোāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āĻŖাāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻ—্āϞāĻŦিāύ āύাāĻŽā§° āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ⧰āĻž্āϜ⧰ āĻŦিāϧ⧰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āφ⧰ু āύং āϏ্āĻŦ – āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āϜিāύ (Hb) āĻ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে । āĻŽāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞāĻ—ীāϝ়া āϝে āϜীā§ąā§° āĻ•াāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ , āϝেāύে ― āĻ­্ā§°ূāĻŖাā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ , āĻ—ā§°্āĻ­āϏ্āĻĨ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ , āĻļিāĻļু āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϝ়āϏ্āĻ• āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻ—্āϞāĻŦিāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ় ― āφ⧰ু āϤেāύে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻ—্āϞāĻŦিāύ⧰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϜিāύে āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে । āĻŦāϝ়āϏ্āĻ• āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āϞোāĻ• āĻāϜāύ⧰ āϞোāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āĻŖাāϤ āϝি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻ—্āϞāĻŦিāύ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϞোāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āĻŖাāĻŦোā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• ‘āϘিāϞা’ āφāĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āĻ…āĻ•্āϏিāϜেāύ āĻļোāώāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । āĻāύে āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻ—্āϞāĻŦিāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āϜিāύāĻ• Bha ā§°ে āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় ।
āĻ–ৃঃ 1910 āϤ ā§ąেāώ্āϟ āχāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϜ⧰ āĻŦাāϏিāύ্āĻĻাāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāϞ ā§°āĻ•্āϤāĻšীāύāϤা āϧাā§°া āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ । āϤেāύে āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨাāϤাāϤ ā§°োāĻ—ীā§° ā§°āĻ•্āϤ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāϤ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—’āϞ āϝে āϞোāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āĻŖাāĻŦোā§°ে āĻĻীāϘāϞ āφ⧰ু āϧেāύুāĻ­িā§°ীāϝ়া āĻšৈ āĻ•াঁāϚি āĻāĻ•োāĻ–āύ⧰ āφāĻ•ৃāϤি āϧ⧰ে । āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāύে ā§°āĻ•্āϤāĻšীāύāϤাāĻ• āĻ•াঁāϚি  – āĻ•োāώ ā§°āĻ•্āϤāĻšীāύāϤা āĻŦোāϞে । āĻāχ āĻ•াঁāϚি – āĻ•োāώ ā§°āĻ•্āϤāĻšীāύāϤা ā§°োāĻ—āϟো āϏ⧰āϞ āĻŦংāĻļাāύুāĻ—āϤিāĻ• āĻ­াā§ąে āϚāϞে । Hba- āĻāϟা āĻāϞিāϞ Hbs āϜিāύ āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻĨāĻ•া āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻāχ ā§°োāĻ—āϤ āĻ­োāĻ—ে । āϤেāύে āϞোāϕ⧰ āϜāύুā§°ূāĻĒ āĻšāϝ় Hbs / Hbs । āĻāύে āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒāϟোāĻ• āĻ•াঁāϚি – āĻ•োāώ ā§°āĻ•্āϤāĻšীāύāϤা āĻŦোāϞে । āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় āϝে Hba āφ⧰ু Hbs āĻāϞিāϞ āϝোā§° āϏāĻŽাāύে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী ; āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ , āĻŦিāώāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ ( āĻ…āύুā§°ূāĻĒ Hba / Has ) āϞোāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āĻŖা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āφāĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻšāϝ় । āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ…āĻ•্āϏিāϜেāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāύ āĻ•āĻŽি āĻ—’āϞে ― āϝেāύে , āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āωāϚ্āϚāϤাāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•িāϞে ― āϞোāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āĻŖাāĻŦোā§°ে āĻ•া‍ঁāϚিā§° āφāĻ•ৃāϤি āϞāϝ় । āĻāύে āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ⧰ূāĻĒāϟোāĻ• SCT (Sickle – cell trait ― āĻ•াঁāϚিāĻ•োāώ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ)  āĻŦোāϞে । 


(āĻ–) āĻŦংāĻļাā§ąāϞী āĻŦিāϚাā§° ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļিāϤ āĻĒāĻĨেā§°ে āĻ…āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύ āϕ⧰ি āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāϏāĻ•āϞে āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒাāϞে āϝে āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻšā§° āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻ…āύ‍্āϝাāύ‍্āϝ āϜীā§ą -।āϜāύ্āϤু āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§°ো āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϧাā§°া āφāĻ›ে । āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āϝৌāύ।āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύāύ āϕ⧰ে āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒিāϤৃ āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϧাā§°া āϏāύ্āϤাāύে āĻĒাāϝ় । āϝৌāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύāύ⧰ āϝোāĻ—েāĻĻি āĻĒিāϤৃ āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āĻŦংāĻļā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻĻুā§°াā§°োāĻ—‍্āϝ āĻŦ‍্āϝাāϧিāĻ“ āϏāύ্āϤাāύে āĻĒাāϝ় । āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে āϝে āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϧাā§°া āĻŽāϤে āĻāύে ā§°োāĻ— āĻŦংāĻļাāύ্āϤ⧰িāϤ āĻšāϝ় । āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে āĻāύে ā§°োāĻ— āĻĨāĻ•া āĻĒিāϤা – āĻŽাāϤাā§° āϏāĻ•āϞো āϏāύ্āϤাāύ⧰ āĻāύে ā§°োāĻ— āĻĻেāĻ–া āύিāĻĻি āϏুāĻĒ্āϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ি āĻĒিāϚ⧰ āĻ•োāύোāĻŦা āĻŦংāĻļāϤ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ ā§°োāĻ— āĻ•āύ্āϝা āϏāύ্āϤাāύ⧰ āϝোāĻ—ে āφ⧰ু āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻĒুāϤ্ā§° āϏāύ্āϤাāύ⧰ āϝোāĻ—ে āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰িāϤ āĻšāϝ় । āĻĒিāϤৃ – āĻŽাāϤৃ āωāĻ­āϝ়ā§° āĻŦংāĻļāϤ ā§°োāĻ— āĻĨāĻ•া āφ⧰ু āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āĻŦংāĻļāϤ ā§°োāĻ— āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āφāĻ›ে । āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ ā§°োāĻ—ā§° āĻŦংāĻļাāύ্āϤ⧰িāϤ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āϧাā§°াāĻ“ āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— ।


āφāĻŽাā§° āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻŦিāϝ়া āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦে āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻŦ‍্āϝাāϧিā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦিāϚাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ—ুāĻĒ্āϤ ā§°āĻ–া āĻšāϝ় āĻŦা āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύāĻšāϝ় । āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĢāϞāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻĻুā§°াā§°োāĻ—্āϝ āĻŦ‍্āϝাāϧি āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĻিāύে āĻĻিāύে āĻŦিāϝ়āĻĒি āφāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤি ā§°োāĻ— āĻĻিāύে āĻĻিāύে āĻŦিāϝ়āĻĒি āĻĒā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤāĻ­োāĻ—ী āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āωāĻĒā§°িāĻ“ āϏāĻŽāĻ—্ā§° āϏāĻŽাāϜে āύাāύা āϧ⧰āĻŖে āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĢāϞ āĻ­ুāĻ—িāĻ›ে । āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻšā§° āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦে āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ ā§°োāĻ— āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ে āϜ্āĻžাāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āĻ†ā§ąāĻļ‍্āϝāĻ• । āĻāχ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϏāĻ•āϞো āϞোāĻ•ে āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে । āĻāχ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦংāĻļাā§ąāϞী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ে āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļāĻĻাāϤা āϏāĻ•āϞে āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ‍্āϝাāĻļী āĻĒুā§°ুāώ āφ⧰ু āĻŽāĻšিāϞাā§° āĻŦংāĻļাā§ąāϞী āĻ…āϧ‍্āϝāϝ়āύ āϕ⧰ি āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻšā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϏāύ্āϤাāύে āĻ•োāύো āĻĻুā§°াā§°োāĻ—্āϝ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ ā§°োāĻ— āĻŦāĻšāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύে āύāϕ⧰ে āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ে āϧাā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে ।

 
(āĻ—) āϟাā§°্āύাā§°ā§° āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻŦা āϟাā§°্āύাā§°ā§° āĻ›িāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŽ ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϏ্āϤ্ā§°ী – āϞোāϕ⧰ āϝৌāύ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāϤ āĻāϟা āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° X āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•িāϞে (āϝৌāύ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ = XO) āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ—āĻĸ়āϤ āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় । āĻ•াāύ্āϧ āĻŦāĻšāϞ āφ⧰ু āύিāϤāĻŽ্āĻŦ āĻ েāĻ• āĻšāϝ় ; āĻ—াā§° āύোāĻŽ āĻĻীāϘāϞ āĻšāϝ় , āφ⧰ু āϏ্āϤāύ āĻ—āĻ āύ āύāĻšāϝ়।āĻ…āĻŖ্āĻĄাāĻļāϝ় āĻŦā§°্āϧāύ āύāĻšāϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āϏāύ্āϤাāύ āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻĻিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে । 


(āϘ) āĻĄাāωāύ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻāχ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āϞোāϕ⧰ 21 āϤāĻŽ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ āϤিāύিāϟা āĻšোā§ąা āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় । āĻāχ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ• ’21 āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āĻāϝ়ী’ āĻŦা āϟ্ā§°াāχāĻ›’āĻŽি 21 āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় । āĻāχ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻ• āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—োāϞিāϜāĻŽ āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় ।āĻāχ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ ā§°োāĻ—ā§° āφāύুāĻŦংāĻļিāĻ• āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻš’āϞ 21 āύংāϏāĻŽā§°ূāĻĒী āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ āϝোā§°ā§° āύāύāĻĄিāĻ›āϜাংāĻ›āύ । āĻŦāϛ⧰ীāϝ়া āĻŦা āϤাāϤোāĻ•ৈ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻŦāϝ়āϏীāϝ়া āϤিā§°োāϤা āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĄিāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻŖু āϜāύāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāϤ 21 āύং āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§°ূāĻĒী āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāϝোā§° āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰āĻŖ āύোāĻšোā§ąাāϤ āĻĻুāχ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āĻĄিāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ•োāώ⧰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻāĻ—ুāĻŖীāϝ় āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা 23 ā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤে 24 āĻĄাāϞ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āφ⧰ু āφāύāϟোā§° āϜিāύāϟাāχāĻĒ āĻšāϝ় (n – 1) āϝ’āϤ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻšāϝ় 22 āĻĄাāϞ । āϝāĻĻি (n – 1) āϝ’āϤ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻšāϝ় 22āĻĄাāϞ । āϝāĻĻি (n + 1) āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĄিāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻŖু āĻāϟা āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāĻ• (n) āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻļুāĻ•্ā§°াāĻŖুā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āύিāώেāϚāύ āĻšāϝ় , āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়াā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­ā§ą āĻšোā§ąা āϝোāϜāύāĻ•োāώ⧰ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āϏংāĻ–্āϝা 46 ā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে 47 āĻĄাāϞ āĻšāϝ়āĻ—ৈ । 21 āύং āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϤিāύিāĻĄাāϞ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻāχ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āϝোāϜāύ āĻ•োāώ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻĄাāωāύ⧰ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ় ।
āĻāχ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻŦোā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে ― āĻļā§°ীā§°ā§° āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŦাāϧাāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়; āφāĻ™ুāϞি āĻŽূā§°ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻšাāϤ⧰ āϤāϞুā§ąাā§° ā§°েāĻ–াāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āĻšāϝ় । āϚāĻ•ুā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§° āĻŦাāĻĻু āĻ“āϞোāĻŽা āĻšāϝ় (āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—োāϞীāϝ় āϜাāϤিā§° āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে) āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻŦাāϧাāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āφ⧰ু āϞিāωāĻ•িāĻŽিāϝ়া ā§°োāĻ—ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻŖāϤা āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻšāϝ় । 
āφāύāĻšাāϤে 21 – āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻĨাāĻ•িāϞে (21 āĻ…āĻ•āĻ• , – Monosomy – 21) āϞোāĻ•āϜāύ⧰ āύাāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ•াāĻŖ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻšāϝ় । āĻĻুāχ āϚāĻ•ুā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŦ‍্āĻ¯ā§ąāϧাāύ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāϝ় । 




āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§§ā§Š। āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻ•ি ? āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ DNA āĻļৃংāĻ–āϞ āĻŦা āϜিāύāϤ āϘāϟা āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύāĻ• āϜিāύীāϝ় āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻŦা āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻŦোāϞে । āϜিāύ⧰ āĻāχ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āϜিāύāϤ āύāϤুāύ āĻāϞিāϞ⧰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ় । āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻŦা āϜিāύীāϝ়āĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻšোā§ąা āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāύে āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়।






āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§§ā§Ē। āĻāύিāωāĻĒ্āϞāχāĻĄীā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϏāĻš āϞিāĻ–া । 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻāύিāωāĻĒ্āϞ’āĻĄ : āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝাā§° āϤুāϞāύাāϤ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•āĻŽিāϞে āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻĸ়িāϞে āϤাāĻ• āĻāύিāωāĻĒ্āϞ’āĻĄি āĻŦোāϞে । āύāϤুāύāĻ•ৈ āĻĒোā§ąা āĻ•োāώāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা 2n + 1 , 2n + 2 , 2n – 1 , 2n – 2 , āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । 
āĻ•োāύো āĻāĻĄাāϞ āĻŦা āĻŦেāĻ›ি āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•āĻŽি āĻ—’āϞে āϤাāĻ• āĻšাāχāĻŖাāĻĒ্āϞ’āĻĄি āĻŦোāϞে ‌। āĻāύে āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা 2n – 1, (āĻŽ’āύ’āĻ›’āĻŽি) , 2n – 2 , (āύাāϞিāĻ›’āĻŽি) āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻāĻĄাāϞ āĻŦা āĻŦেāĻ›ি āϝোāĻ— āĻšāϝ় āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤাāĻ• āĻšাāχāĻĒাā§° āĻĒ্āϞ’āĻĄি āĻŦোāϞে । āϝেāύে 2n + 1 , (āϟ্ā§°াāχāĻ›’āĻŽি) , 2n + 2 , (āϟেāϟ্ā§°াāĻ›’āĻŽি) āφāĻĻি ।





ā§°āϚāύাāϧ⧰্āĻŽী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύোāϓ⧰


āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§§। āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āĻāĻ• āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦ‍্āϝাāĻ–‍্āϝা āϕ⧰া।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ 

āĻāĻ• – āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা ― ā§°āĻ™া āφ⧰ু āĻŦāĻ—া āĻĢুāϞ⧰ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤি 
āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϚিāϤ্ā§°āϤ ā§°āĻ™ীāύ āφ⧰ু āĻŦāĻ—া āĻĢুāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āĻĻেāĻ–ুāĻ“ā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে । F₁ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ ― ā§°āĻ™āϚুā§ąা āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āĻŦāĻ—া ā§°ং āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āύাāĻĒাāχ āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āύিāĻšিāϤ āĻšৈ āφāĻ›ে । āĻ•িāύ্āϤু F₂ āϜāύুāϤ āĻŦāĻ—া ā§°ং āĻĒুāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে । āχāϝ়াāĻ•ে āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰āĻŖ āĻšāϝ় । āχāϝ়াāĻ•েāχ āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āĻŦোāϞে । 





āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ⧍‌। āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āϏূāϤ্ā§°āχ āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜাāϝ় ?


āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻĻ্āĻŦি -āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖāϟোāϤ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় āϝে F₁ āϜāύুā§° āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ—āĻ›েāχ āĻ“āĻ– āφ⧰ু āϘূā§°āĻŖীāϝ়া āĻŦীāϜ⧰ āĻšāϝ় ― āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĻুāϟাāĻšে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় । āĻāχ āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏ্āĻŦ – āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āύ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻšোā§ąা F₂ āϜāύুāϤ āĻĒিāϤৃ āϜāύুā§° āĻĻুāϝ়ো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŽিāĻļ্ā§° āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ āĻ—āĻ› (āĻ“āĻ– – āϏোāϤোā§°া ; āϚাāĻĒā§° – āϘূā§°āĻŖীāϝ়া) āϏāĻŽ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ় । āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦুāϜা āϝাāϝ় āϝে ‘āĻ“āĻ– – āϚাāĻĒā§° ‘ āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϝোā§° āφ⧰ু ‘āϘূā§°āĻŖীāϝ়া – āϏোāϤোā§°া’ āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϝোā§° āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§° āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻĻুāϝোā§° āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύুāϞৈ āϝাāĻ“ঁāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ‍্āϝেāĻ• āϝোā§°েāχ ‘āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝāϏ্āϤ’ āĻšāϝ় । āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āϏূāϤ্ā§°āĻŽāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ‍্āϝেāĻ• āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻĻুāϟাā§° āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰āϤ āĻšৈ āĻĒাāϛ⧰ āϜāύুāϞৈ āϝাāĻ“ঁāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ‍্āϝেāĻ•āϝোā§°ā§°ে āϝেāχ āĻ•োāύো āĻāϟা āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°্āϤী āϜāύুā§° āĻāϟি āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϞৈ āϝাāϝ় ― āφāύāϝোā§° āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে – āύāĻ—ৈāĻ›ে āϤাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ•োāύো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ• āύাāĻĨাāĻ•ে । āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻāϞিāϞীāϝ় āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āĻŦোā§° āĻāύেāĻ•ৈ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°্āϤী āϜāύুāϤ āϏāύ্āύিāĻŦিāώ্āϟ āĻšোā§ąাāĻ• āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞে āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦুāϞিāĻ›িāϞ । āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āĻāχ āĻ…āϤিā§°িāĻ•্āϤ āĻŽāϤāĻŦাāĻĻāϟোāĻ• āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°্āϤী āĻ•াāϞāϤ ‘āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āϏূāϤ্ā§°’ āĻŦা ‘āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦিāύ‍্āϝাāϏ āϏূāϤ্ā§°’ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় । āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞীāϝ় āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤিā§° āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āϜāύা āϝাāϝ় । 





āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Š। āϏāĻš – āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤা āĻ•াāĻ• āĻŦোāϞে ? 


āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϜীā§ąā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻ•োāύো āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦোā§°ে āĻŦিāώāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĒিāϤৃ – āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖেāχ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে ‌। āχāϝ়াāĻ• āϏāĻš – āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤা āĻŦোāϞে ।
āϏāĻš – āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤাā§° āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ – āĻ—ā§°ু – āĻŽ’āĻš āφāĻĻি āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϏāĻš āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤাā§° āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ় । āĻŦāĻ—া āύোāĻŽāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ—ā§°ু āφ⧰ু ā§°āĻ™āϚুā§ąা āύোāĻŽ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ—ā§°ুā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ (F₁) āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻ—ā§°ুāĻŦোā§°ā§° āύোāĻŽ āĻŽূāĻ—া āĻŦā§°āĻŖā§° āĻš’āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āύোāĻŽā§° āĻŦāĻ—া āφ⧰ু ā§°āĻ™া āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা āĻŦā§°āĻŖেāχ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে । āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āĻ—ā§°ুāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āĻĒুā§°ুāώ (F₂) āϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤাā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻŦāĻ—া , āĻŽূāĻ—া āφ⧰ু ā§°āĻ™া āĻŦā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒā§° āĻ—ā§°ুā§° āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽে 1 : 2 : 1 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϤ āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ় । āχ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤাāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• । āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤাāϤ āĻĻুāϟা āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻŽāϧ্āĻ¯ā§ąā§°্āϤী āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় । āχ āĻāχ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āωāĻ­āϝ় āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āĻāĻ• āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻĻুāϟা āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āĻŽিāĻšāϞি āĻšৈ āύাāϝাāϝ় ।





āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Ē। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ‍্āϝ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻĢāϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ে āϞিāĻ–া ।


āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύুā§° (F₁) āϜীā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻĒৈāϤৃāĻ• āϜāύুā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž P – āϜāύুā§° āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻĒā§°াāĻšāϤ āĻŦা āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĒā§°াāĻšāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϕ⧰া āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ‍্āϝ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻŦোāϞে । āĻāχ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ‍্āϝ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąাā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻāϝ়ে āϝে ― āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া F₁ āϜāύুā§° āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜীā§ąāĻŦোā§° āϏংāϕ⧰ āϜীā§ą āύে āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦা āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āϏেāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে , āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻš āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻā§° āĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ⧰ āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°āϟোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে  F₁ āϜāύুā§° āĻ“āĻ– āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒā§° āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§° āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻ—āĻ› āύে āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻ“āĻ– āϏেāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি । āĻ•োāύো āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻāϜোāĻĒা āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻ—āϛ⧰ (āϝেāύে – T t) āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ⧰ূāĻĒ āϏেāχ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ—āϛ⧰ (āϝেāύে – T t) āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤ⧰ূāĻĒā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻ•ে āĻšāϝ় । āĻāϤেāĻ•ে āĻ—āĻ›āϜোāĻĒা āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āύে āϏংāϕ⧰ āϜাāύিāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϧাā§°āĻŖা āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰ি āĻāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ‍্āϝ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ†ā§ąāϤাā§°āĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϝুāĻ•্āϤি āφāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āϏংāϕ⧰ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āϝোā§°ে āĻŦিāώāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• (āϧ⧰া – T t) āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āϤাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻĒিāϤৃāϜāύুā§° āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āĻĒā§°াāĻšāϤ āĻ—āϛ⧰ āχāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°াāĻšāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ—āĻ› āϏāĻŽ āĻĢā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖে (50 : 50) āĻĒাāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϝোā§° āϏāĻŽāϝুāϤāĻ• āϧ⧰া āĻš’āϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ 100 % āĻ—āĻ›āϤ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāĻŦ ।
āĻāύে āϧ⧰āĻŖে āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞে āĻ­āĻŦা āĻŽāϤে āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻŦিāϧ āĻ—āĻ› āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ । āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāύে āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώāĻŖীāϝ় āϏংāϕ⧰ āĻŦ‍্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ‍্āϝ āϏংāĻ—āĻŽ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻŦ‍্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । 





āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Ģ। āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āφāύুāĻŦংāĻļিāĻ• ā§°োāĻ—ā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?



āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϜিāύ āϏংāĻ—āϤি , āφ⧰ু āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻŦা āϏাংāĻ–‍্āϝিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻšোā§ąা āϝিāĻŦোā§° āĻ…āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤāĻ­াā§ąে āϚāϞি āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°āĻ• āφāύুāĻŦংāĻļিāĻ• āĻ…āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻŦা āφāύুāĻŦংāĻļিāĻ• ā§°োāĻ— āĻŦোāϞা āĻšāϝ় । āχāĻšঁāϤāĻ• āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°āϤ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖী āĻŦিāĻ­াāϜāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় ― 
(āĻ•) āϜিāύ⧰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āϜিāύীāϝ় āĻ…āύিāϝ়āĻŽ ।
(āĻ–) āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϜিāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšোā§ąা āϜিāύীāϝ় āĻ…āύিāϝ়āĻŽ ।
(āĻ—) āϜিāύ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻিāϤ āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ•ীāϝ় āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦ্āϝ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻŽিāϞ āύোāĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦিāϏংāĻ—āϤি ।
(āϘ) āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏাংāĻ–‍্āϝিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ ā§°োāĻ— ।
(āĻ™) āϞিংāĻ— āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ’āϜāĻŽā§° āϏাংāĻ–‍্āϝিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦংāĻļāĻ—āϤ ā§°োāĻ— ।





āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ ā§Ŧ। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąীāϤাā§° āϧাā§°āĻŖা āĻŦ‍্āϝাāĻ–‍্āϝা āϕ⧰া ।



āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āϧ⧰্āĻŽী āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĻুāϟা āϜীā§ąā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύুāϤ āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āĻŦা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝāϟোā§ąেāĻšে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় । āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻŦা āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°āϟো āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে । āχāϝ়াāĻ•ে āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻŦোāϞে । āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে , āĻāĻĄাāϞ āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ“āĻ– āĻŽāϟ⧰āĻŽাāĻšā§° āĻ—āϛ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻĄাāϞ āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āϚাāĻĒā§° āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻšā§° āĻ—āϛ⧰ āϜāύāύ āϘāϟাāϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āϜāύুāϤ āϝিāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻšā§° āĻ—āĻ› āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāĻŦ , āϤাāϤ āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻ“āĻ– āĻš’āĻŦ । āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ“āĻ– āĻ—ুāĻŖāϟোā§ąে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় । āĻāχ āĻ…āĻĒāϤ‍্āϝ āϜāύুāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞে āϝিāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāĻšā§° āĻ—āĻ› āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāĻŦ āϤাāϤ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāĻŦ āϝে āϤিāύিāϜোāĻĒাāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāĻ•ী āĻāϜোāĻĒাāϤ āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ । āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž 3 : 1 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ—ুāĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϘāϟিāĻŦ । 
āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ—ুāĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϘāϟাāϞেāĻ“ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŦোā§°ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖā§°ূāĻĒে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąী āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে , āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤাāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤা āĻŦোāϞে । āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে āĻ—āϧূāϞীāĻ—োāĻĒাāϞ āĻ—āϛ⧰ āĻĢুāϞāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻāχ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤাā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖেāχ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻĢুāϞ ā§°āĻ™া , āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻŦāĻ—া āφ⧰ু āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ—োāϞāĻĒীāϝ়া āĻšāϝ় ‌।

Assamese spiritual, soul beautiful words poems by Jitu Das Assamese poems



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